ruby实战-发送http请求

Ruby类库Net::HTTP简述

An HTTP client API for Ruby.

使用Net::HTTP类库提供的丰富API，可以发送任意http请求

require 'net/http'

官方案例

GET

  Net::HTTP.get('example.com', '/index.html') # => String

GET by URL

  uri = URI('http://example.com/index.html?count=10')
  Net::HTTP.get(uri) # => String

POST

  uri = URI('http://www.example.com/search.cgi')
  res = Net::HTTP.post_form(uri, 'q' => 'ruby', 'max' => '50')
  puts res.body

详细内容请参见官方文档

Ruby实战-封装易于使用的HttpClient

实际项目中，客户端有多处逻辑需要执行http请求，传输json格式数据

对Net::HTTP进行适度的封装可以有效简化程序

###使用封装后的HttpClient

执行get请求，传递url参数userId

  # 查询账号资金
  def get_amount(user_id)
    http_client = HttpClientFactory.create
    http_client.path 'account/getAmount'
    http_client.params(userId: user_id)
    res = http_client.get

    if res.code == '200'
      return res.body.to_i
    else
      return 0
    end
  end

执行Post请求，传递url参数，解析返回的json数据

  # 购买商品
  def buy(user_id, key)
    http_client = HttpClientFactory.create
    http_client.path 'shopping/buy'
    http_client.params userId: user_id, key: key
    res = http_client.post
    check_res res
  end

HttpClientFactory.create代码如下，创建HttpClient实例，参数为后台服务地址

class HttpClientFactory
  def self.create
    AntHttp::HttpClient.new(NetworkConfig::WEB_SERVICE_ENDPOINT)
  end
end

###封装HttpClent

构造器接受服务地址及content_type参数(默认为json格式)
path方法接受uri地址拼接
params方法接受API请求参数
支持get/post/put/delete方法，对应不同httpmethod请求，若有需要，可自行扩展
post等请求支持body参数，作为body中的数据传输

实现源码如下

module AntHttp
  require 'net/http'

  class HttpClient
    def initialize(uri, content_type='application/json')
      @uri = uri.clone
      @content_type = content_type
      @params = nil
    end

    def path(path)
      return if path.nil? || path == ''
      @uri.chomp!('/')
      @uri << '/' unless path.start_with? '/'
      @uri << path
      self
    end

    def params(params)
      @params = params
      self
    end

    def get
      uri = get_uri
      req = Net::HTTP::Get.new(uri)
      execute(uri, req, nil)
    end

    def put(body=nil)
      uri = get_uri
      req = Net::HTTP::Put.new(uri)
      execute(uri, req, body)
    end

    def post(body=nil)
      uri = get_uri
      req = Net::HTTP::Post.new(uri)
      execute(uri, req, body)
    end

    def delete
      uri = get_uri
      req = Net::HTTP::Delete.new(uri)
      execute(uri, req, nil)
    end

    private

    def get_uri
      uri = URI(@uri)
      uri.query = URI.encode_www_form(@params) unless @params.nil?
      uri
    end

    def execute(uri, req, body)
      req.content_type = @content_type
      req.body=body unless body.nil?
      res = Net::HTTP.start(uri.host, uri.port) do |http|
        http.request(req)
      end
      res
    end
  end
end

2015-10-27 对HttpClient稍作改进，去除get post等方法中的重复代码，相同逻辑至于run方法中

    def get
      run Net::HTTP::Get
    end

    def put(body=nil)
      run Net::HTTP::Put, body
    end

    def post(body=nil)
      run Net::HTTP::Post, body
    end

    def delete
      run Net::HTTP::Delete
    end

    private

    def run(clazz, body=nil)
      uri = get_uri
      req = clazz.new(uri)
      execute(uri, req, body)
    end